Rising Challenge of Shadow Fleet: How to Combat Sanctions-Busting Ships?

Wed Feb 11 2026 16:43:58 GMT+0200 (Eastern European Standard Time)

As the number of shadow ships evading sanctions increases, experts discuss potential actions governments can take to address this maritime challenge, tying it to the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East.

A surge in shadow vessels has emerged, allowing sanctioned states like Russia and Iran to export oil under the radar. With estimates indicating that nearly 1,500 vessels are part of this fleet, governments are pressured to find strategies to disrupt this illicit activity, leading to discussions on military actions and international cooperation.

Rising Challenge of Shadow Fleet: How to Combat Sanctions-Busting Ships?

As illegal maritime activities intensify, the number of shadow vessels circumventing international sanctions has risen dramatically. Recognized for transporting oil from countries like Russia and Iran disregarding maritime regulations, this emergent shadow fleet presents a significant dilemma for governments worldwide.

On January 26, urgent emails were sent from crew members on a tanker, revealing dire conditions and grievances, primarily regarding the vessel's sanctioned status. The tanker, known as 'Beeta,' was actually identified as the US-sanctioned 'Gale,' showcasing the complexities of vessel disguises prevalent in today’s shipping industry.

The shadow fleet is reported to encompass approximately 1,468 vessels, of which around 18-19% are involved in international trade, significantly impacting global oil transportation. This increase reflects adaptations made by countries under sanctions to maintain oil revenue, leading to heightened discussions surrounding enforcement actions.

Alongside tracking and sanctions measures, experts like Michelle Wiese Bockmann suggest using technologies to improve transparency and accountability in maritime practices. Moreover, maritime security discussions are gaining traction—more countries show interest in utilizing military assets to intercept these vessels.

As governments grapple with the growing shadow fleet, complexities surrounding vessel identification, sanction enforcement, and international cooperation shape ongoing debates on effective strategies to deter these illicit operations.