Foreign investors and private equity firms in India are increasingly anxious following a Supreme Court ruling that strengthens the government's position in tax disputes. The January 15 decision mandates that Tiger Global, an American investment firm, pay taxes on its 2018 sale of a stake in Flipkart to Walmart. This ruling upends a previous Delhi high court decision which permitted Tiger Global to seek tax relief under an established India-Mauritius tax treaty.

The judgement, spanning 152 pages, presents a stricter interpretation of tax treaties and allows Indian authorities to deny relief if offshore entities are classified as sham companies lacking genuine commercial purpose. Experts fear that the ruling will unsettle foreign investors and negatively impact business sentiment by making previously settled transactions subject to scrutiny.

Legal practitioners express concerns that it could retroactively affect old deals, with tax authorities empowered to challenge established frameworks. Observers note that the ruling may pose a roadblock to future foreign investment as businesses reevaluate potential risks amid shifting policies. The implications of this judgement, especially in light of India's ongoing efforts to attract foreign capital, presents a complex challenge for international investors considering operations in India.