The World Health Organization (WHO), along with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), has released a groundbreaking report warning that climate change is exacerbating heat stress among workers, particularly in sectors like construction and agriculture. With heatwaves becoming increasingly common, the report emphasizes that millions of workers are exposed to dangerous temperatures that threaten both their health and productivity.
This is the WHO's first detailed report on heat stress at work since 1969. Rüdiger Krech, director of the WHO's environment, climate, and health division, underscored the serious implications of rising temperatures, stating, "It is not just discomfort. It is a real health risk." As exposure to heat rises above 38C, the threat of severe health problems such as heat-related stress, strokes, and kidney failure significantly increases.
Recent data reveals that the last decade recorded the highest global temperatures, with predictions for 2024 to be even hotter. In parts of Europe, temperatures frequently surpass 40C (104F), while regions in Africa and the Middle East can see temperatures hit 50C. The Mediterranean's average surface temperature this July reached an unprecedented 26.68C. Additionally, the UK's Met Office reported that this summer could be one of the warmest since 1884.
On top of health concerns, the WHO emphasizes that heatwaves negatively impact worker productivity. Findings indicate that for every degree rise in temperature above 20C, productivity dips by 2%. Furthermore, accidents are on the rise; during the European heatwave in 2023, Switzerland noted a 7% increase in workplace accidents on days exceeding 30C, attributed to concentration challenges and lack of sleep.
Some European nations are taking initiative to safeguard workers. For instance, the Italian government recently enacted an emergency decree that prohibits outdoor work during peak heat hours. In Switzerland, construction work was halted during heatwave conditions, a decision welcomed by trade unions. Unia's Nico Lutz pointed out that construction companies must recognize temperature thresholds that render work unsafe, accepting that deadlines may need to be adjusted.
However, the challenges extend beyond just the workplace. Vulnerable populations such as the elderly, chronically ill, and children also face increased risks during heatwaves. The WHO's report emphasizes the urgent need for schools to adapt to extreme heat, citing examples like Germany's "Hitzefrei" policy which allows schools to shut down when temperatures become unbearable. But with extreme heat now more frequent, many institutions are hesitant to utilize this option.
As schools returned last week in Switzerland to scorching temperatures, educators were advised to take students to swimming pools to cope with the heat. Nevertheless, Dagmar Rösler, head of the Swiss teachers' association, remarked that one cannot conduct all classes in a pool environment, advocating for renovations in school buildings to include better ventilation and air conditioning systems.
Rüdiger Krech's report encourages collaboration among all stakeholders—governments, employers, unions, health authorities, and educators—to plan for necessary adaptations. He also raised the question of whether school uniforms are adequately designed for heat, hinting at broader considerations for adapting to climate impacts.
Nonetheless, Krech cautions that adapting workplaces and educational environments to manage heat stress requires significant financial investment. As many governments focus resources on defense, climate adaptation efforts risk falling by the wayside. He warns that neglecting this vital issue could lead to more severe productivity losses and health crises in the future.
With climate conditions changing rapidly, the conversation surrounding heat stress and workplace safety has never been more urgent. As countries navigate these challenges, proactive measures and collaborative strategies will be crucial to safeguard worker health and productivity in the face of a warming world.
