India's Election Commission (ECI), long regarded as a pillar of democracy in the world's most populous nation, is presently grappling with a severe credibility crisis. In recent weeks, allegations from opposition factions have exploded, spotlighting claims of voter fraud, manipulation of electoral rolls, and various procedural inconsistencies, claims that the ECI has vigorously denied.
Opposition leaders are considering an impeachment motion against Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar, fueled by mass protests in response to perceived failings of the Commission. However, they have yet to formally submit this motion, lacking the necessary parliamentary support to make it a reality.
In an intensified demonstration, Rahul Gandhi, leader of the Congress party, has embarked on a Voter Adhikar Yatra (Voter Rights March) across Bihar, spanning 1,300 kilometers. This movement addresses ongoing tensions regarding recent electoral roll revisions in the state, which is slated for significant elections later this year.
Gandhi alleges that discrepancies exist in the voter list, asserting that the ECI has allowed over 100,000 fraudulent entries in a Karnataka constituency, inclusive of duplicates and invalid registrations. The ECI, however, has dismissed these claims as unfounded.
The controversy intensified following the Special Intensive Revision process executed in Bihar, where the ECI reported verification of all eligible voters. Critics argue that the process mistakenly disenfranchised many individuals, particularly migrants, amidst hurried timelines and lack of clear documentation requirements.
Augmented criticism comes from the manner the ECI publicized the names of 6.5 million omitted voters from draft lists, with opposition parties questioning the transparency and legitimacy of this approach. Recent guidance from India's Supreme Court directed the ECI to publish a more accessible voter exclusion list.
In a weekend press conference held on August 17, Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar addressed the growing concerns, framing allegations of vote theft as an affront to the nation's constitution. He simultaneously demanded an affidavit from Gandhi to substantiate his claims, further inflaming tensions.
Experts weigh in, suggesting that while the fervent allegations may appear grave, previous election revisions elsewhere in the country have produced comparable fluctuations in voter roles without any indicative wrongdoing. Despite this, as Gandhi's march continues and Bihar's vital elections approach, the discord surrounding the ECI shows no signs of abating.
The crisis poses a significant risk to public perception of the ECI, which has experienced a worrying trend of declining trust. A recent Lokniti survey illustrates a sharp rise in public distrust across several states since 2019. Former Chief Election Commissioner SY Quraishi cautioned that restoring public faith in the ECI is crucial, emphasizing the importance of perceived impartiality in sustaining democratic integrity.
