Emergence of Anti-Hamas Militias in Gaza: Implications for Future Peace

Fri Nov 21 2025 15:49:20 GMT+0200 (Eastern European Standard Time)

In the wake of recent conflicts in Gaza, various armed groups are vying for recognition in a proposed peace plan, raising concerns over the stability and governance of the region post-Hamas.

As armed factions opposed to Hamas take ground in Gaza, new dynamics arise regarding the future governance under international oversight. These groups, backed by Israel and potentially the Palestinian Authority, highlight a fragmented power structure, with mixed sentiments among Gazans about their role. Notably, leaders like Hossam al-Astal express optimism about their contributions to future civil order, while questions remain about their implications for peace in the region.

Emergence of Anti-Hamas Militias in Gaza: Implications for Future Peace

Urgent questions are being raised over a patchwork of armed groups that have emerged to fight Hamas in Gaza over recent months. These include factions based around family clans, criminal gangs, and new militias—some backed by Israel, as acknowledged by the Israeli Prime Minister.

As the region navigates through conflict, elements within the Palestinian Authority are believed to covertly support these militias. However, most have not been included in President Trump's proposed peace strategy, which plans for a stabilizing force in Gaza.

One notable militia, the Popular Forces led by Yasser Abu Shabab, operates near the city of Rafah. They appear eager to gain institutional recognition and were seen coordinating activities with the international Board of Peace intended to manage Gaza.

Hossam al-Astal, another militia leader near Khan Younis, mentioned that U.S. representatives confirmed a potential role for his group within Gaza's future policing structure. His militia, however small, runs a well-supplied encampment and claims to have support from various sources around the globe.

Yet many residents of Gaza express concern about the rise of these armed factions. Disillusionment with Hamas does not equate to acceptance of these newer, fragmented groups. Some residents argue that while Hamas ruled with an iron fist, they fear the potential lawlessness and betrayal exhibited by affiliated criminal elements now gaining power.

The question remains: How will these militia fit into Gaza's envisioned governance structure under international oversight? As Israel backs groups opposing Hamas, caution is advised; history showcases the risks of arming factions that may one day wield power against their benefactors.

With issues surrounding loyalty, governance, and control, the future for Gaza remains uncertain amidst these competing influences.