Adrian Burragubba and his son Coedie McAvoy, key figures in this resistance, argue that the mining activities threaten their ancestral land, which they refer to as essential to their culture and spiritual beliefs. The sacred springs, associated with creation stories of the rainbow serpent Mundagudda, are believed to be integral to the ecological health of the region, sitting above the Galilee Basin, a major coal reserve.

Concerns about the ecological impact of the mine are highlighted by hydrogeology experts. Research indicates that hydrocarbons have been detected within the springs, raising alarms about the potential contamination linked to the mining operations. This issue has led to a robust debate about the mine's environmental assessments, with criticisms of Adani's modeling and a recent government ban on planned underground mining due to uncertain impacts on the springs’ water quality.

The highly contentious nature of the Carmichael mine has resulted in a divided community, illustrated by the varying stances amongst W&J families. Some have signed agreements with Adani in a bid to secure benefits, while others oppose any form of mining, believing it fundamentally undermines Indigenous rights and cultural heritage.

Legal battles over land rights have further complicated the situation. The W&J people have faced setbacks in their Native Title claims, limiting their ability to negotiate mining agreements. Despite these challenges, community leaders like Adrian Burragubba are pursuing judicial action to affirm their rights under Queensland's Human Rights Act, asserting that the mine jeopardizes their sacred site and connection to land and water.

As the legal tussle continues, the W&J community remains resolute, emphasizing their deep cultural ties to the land and the need for them to be honored in any negotiated agreements involving their ancestral territories. Their fight symbolizes broader issues surrounding Indigenous rights and environmental stewardship in Australia.