Doctors Warn Against Misuse of Menstrual Cups: Risks and Precautions

A case reported by Danish doctors highlights temporary kidney issues linked to improperly positioned menstrual cups, underscoring the need for correct sizing and insertion techniques among users.

Doctors are sounding the alarm over the potential risks associated with menstrual cups, urging women to be cautious after a patient in her 30s developed temporary kidney problems due to a misaligned cup. The woman had been suffering from intermittent pelvic pain and blood in her urine for months but had not connected these symptoms to her menstrual cup, an increasingly popular reusable option for managing menstrual flow.

Danish doctors, who detailed the case in the British Medical Journal, noted that while such incidents are extremely rare, a poorly positioned cup can exert pressure on nearby structures, including the ureters, the tubes that transport urine to the bladder. This alarming example serves as a reminder of the critical importance of ensuring the correct cup size and alignment when using a menstrual cup.

Menstrual cups are made from soft, flexible silicone or rubber and have the ability to hold 20 to 30ml of menstrual fluid—the equivalent of about two tablespoons. These eco-friendly devices can be used for several hours before needing to be emptied, cleaned, and reinserted, typically every four to eight hours based on individual flow.

Selection of the appropriate size is crucial, especially as companies offer smaller options tailored for younger women or those who have not given birth. First-time users may find the learning curve challenging, with difficulties often reported in the initial removal process. A study involving 530 young individuals revealed that many struggled to remove the cup on their first try, with some even requiring assistance.

Tips for successful removal include squeezing the base of the cup to break the suction seal rather than pulling on the stem. Dr. Kate Lough, a physiotherapist specializing in pelvic health, reassures users that when inserted correctly, should be comfortable and undetectable.

Furthermore, women who have recently had a contraceptive coil inserted should exercise caution, as suction from the cup may cause dislodgment. If the coil's threads cannot be found, it is advisable to seek additional contraception and consult a healthcare provider.

Also gaining popularity are menstrual discs, which function similarly but are positioned higher in the vaginal canal, just below the cervix.

In summary, the message from health professionals is clear: proper use of menstrual cups is essential not only for comfort but also for preventing potential health complications, making education and self-awareness key components of their safe use.