France Supports Moroccan Sovereignty Over Western Sahara Amid Controversy

Macron's visit to Morocco marks a shift in France's position on Western Sahara, supporting Moroccan sovereignty while drawing criticism from Algeria, and aims to bolster Franco-Moroccan ties with significant investments.

French President Emmanuel Macron made headlines during a recent visit to Morocco, where he openly declared support for Moroccan sovereignty over the disputed territory of Western Sahara. This statement, delivered in front of Morocco's parliament, sees France reaffirming a stance that aligns with Morocco's long-held claims over the region. He further announced plans for French investments in Western Sahara, aiming to foster economic development.

Western Sahara, located on Africa's north-western coast, has a complex history of colonization and conflict. It was formerly a Spanish colony and is currently administered by Morocco, although the Algerian-backed Polisario Front claims to represent the Sahrawi people and advocates for their right to an independent state. France’s support follows the endorsement of Morocco’s claims by multiple nations including Spain, the United States, and Israel.

Macron’s words sparked immediate applause from Moroccan lawmakers, marking a notable shift in France’s long-standing neutrality on the issue. In previous statements, he had suggested granting autonomy to Western Sahara under Moroccan governance as a viable solution to this protracted dispute, which has persisted since Morocco’s annexation of the territory in 1975 and the subsequent end of a 16-year insurgency in 1991—one that included a UN-mandated plan for a referendum that has yet to materialize.

The reaction from Algeria was swift and negative, resulting in the withdrawal of its ambassador to France, a response rooted in Algeria's belief that Morocco is occupying the territory illegally. Analysts note that France’s pivot towards Morocco is likely an effort to mend strained relations, which have seen tensions rise following allegations of espionage on Moroccan interests and subsequent visa restrictions imposed by France.

In his address, Macron did touch upon the colonial history linking France, Morocco, and Algeria. While he mentioned the darker aspects of this shared past, he stopped short of issuing an outright apology, a subject that continues to evoke strong sentiments in bilateral relations.

As Macron's visit continues, there are reports of new cooperative agreements in sectors like energy and infrastructure, potentially worth up to €10 billion (approximately $10.8 billion). These deals align with a broader strategy to foster mutual cooperation between France and Morocco.

The visit highlights a moment of precarious balancing, as France navigates its relationship with both Morocco and Algeria, each with historic grievances and political aspirations tied to Western Sahara. As tensions simmer, the recognition of Western Sahara as a distinct state by the African Union stands as a reminder of an enduring contest over national identity and self-determination that remains unresolved.