How Rebel Governance is Shaping Post-Assad Syria

Following the dramatic overthrow of Bashar al-Assad's regime, Syria's Idlib Province is witnessing the rise of the Islamist rebel group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham as they implement governance systems that mirror those of conventional states. While their administration aims to maintain order and offer services, it faces ongoing challenges in the form of taxes and civil discontent.

The olive harvest season in northern Syria brings not just bountiful crops but also the presence of tax collectors appointed by the local authorities under Hayat Tahrir al-Sham. Farmers have expressed dissatisfaction with the enforced tax of at least 5 percent on their oil, a regulation introduced in 2019 which has sparked protests and even violence in some instances. Despite this, the Syrian Salvation Government, as their regional governance is termed, has proven resilient.

Since taking control of much of Idlib in 2017, the administration has developed a multifaceted revenue-generating strategy, which includes taxation of goods, sale of fuel, and running telecom services. Through these activities, the group has successfully built financial capabilities that support military endeavors and essential civil services.

The insights shared in this article are derived from interviews with local citizens, humanitarian organization representatives, and reports from various independent think tanks and the United Nations, painting a picture of a pragmatic governance system emerging in the rebel-held territories of Syria.